Penggunaan Biochar Dari Biomassa Tembakau Untuk Peningkatan pH Tanah Dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Sawi Di Tanah Masam Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin, Sumatera Selatan

Agustinus Lodan, Amir Hamzah, Erwin Ismu Wisnubroto

Abstract


This research aimed to determine the change of acid pH from biochar. This research was conducted in oil palm plantation owned by PT. Surya Cipta Kahuripan (SCK), Musi Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatera Province. Soil sampling was conducted at different ages of oil palm plantations. The study was conducted in a greenhouse (light house). The soil used in this experiment was taken from oil palm plantations at plant age of 10 years (planting year 2006), 7 years (planting year 2009), 4 years (planting year 2012) and control (not yet planted with oil palm). This experiment uses Randomized Block Design (RAK) factorial. The main factor is the type of soil at different ages, while the second factor is the biochar dose respectively; 0 g.kg-1, 10 g.kg-1, 20 g.kg-1, 30 g.kg-1, and 40 g.kg-1. The results showed that the dosage of biochar based on tobacco waste on acid soil of was able to increase soil pH. The highest increase of soil pH was found on land not yet planted with oil palm, while the lowest soil pH was found on soil that had been planted after 28 days incubation period, 5 g.kg-1 biochar dose (equivalent 9 ton.ha-1) Soil pH is equal to a biochar dose of 40 g.kg-1 (equivalent to 72 ton.ha-1). This indicates that the dose of biochar 9 ton.ha-1 is effective enough to increase the pH in acid soil. Enhancement soil Ph showed a positive effect on the growyh of mustard, increase soil CEC that increases the availability of nutrients by plants. In addition, the increase in soil pH also decrease the availability of Al so as to become the optimum growth medium of mustard plants.

Penelitian ini bertujuaan untuk mengetahui perubahan pH tanah masam akibat pemberian biochar. Penelitian ini dilakukan di perkebunan kelapa sawit milik PT. Surya Cipta Kahuripan (SCK), Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin, Propinsi Sumatera Selatan. Pengambilan sampel tanah dilakukan pada umur tanaman kelapa sawit yang berbeda. Penelitian ini dilakukan di rumah kaca (light house). Tanah yang digunakan pada percobaan ini diambil dari perkebunan kelapa sawit pada umur tanaman 10 tahun (tahun tanam 2006), 7 tahun (tahun tanam 2009), 4 tahun (tahun tanam 2012) dan control (belum ditanami kelapa sawit). Percobaan ini mengunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) factorial.Faktor utama adalah jenis tanah pada umur yang berbeda, sedangkan faktor kedua adalah dosis biochar masing-masing ; 0 g.kg-1, 10 g.kg-1, 20 g.kg-1, 30 g.kg-1, dan 40 g.kg-1. Hasil penelitian menunjukan pemberian dosis biochar berbahan dasar limbah tembakau mampu meningkatkan pH tanah. Peningkatan pH tanah tertinggi terdapat pada tanah yang belum ditanam kelapa sawit, sedangkan pH tanah terendah terdapat pada tanah yang telah 10 tahun ditanami setelah 28 hari masa inkubasi, Dosis biochar 5 g.kg-1 (setara 9 ton.ha-1) menunjukkan nilai pH tanah yang sama dengan dosis biochar 40 g.kg-1 (setara 72 ton.ha-1). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa dosis biochar 9 ton.ha-1 cukup efektif untuk meningkatkan pH pada tanah masam. Peningkatan pH tanah menunjukkan pengaruh positif terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman sawi, meningkatkan KTK tanah berarti meningkatkan ketersediaan unsur hara yang diperlukan tanaman. Selain itu, peningkatan pH tanah juga menurunkan ketersediaan Al sehingga mampu menjadi media pertumbuhan tanaman sawi yang optimum.

Keywords


pH tanah; Biochar; tanaman Sawi

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