Penggunaan Biochar Dari Biomassa Tembakau Untuk Peningkatan pH Tanah Dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Sawi Di Tanah Masam Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin, Sumatera Selatan
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuaan untuk mengetahui perubahan pH tanah masam akibat pemberian biochar. Penelitian ini dilakukan di perkebunan kelapa sawit milik PT. Surya Cipta Kahuripan (SCK), Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin, Propinsi Sumatera Selatan. Pengambilan sampel tanah dilakukan pada umur tanaman kelapa sawit yang berbeda. Penelitian ini dilakukan di rumah kaca (light house). Tanah yang digunakan pada percobaan ini diambil dari perkebunan kelapa sawit pada umur tanaman 10 tahun (tahun tanam 2006), 7 tahun (tahun tanam 2009), 4 tahun (tahun tanam 2012) dan control (belum ditanami kelapa sawit). Percobaan ini mengunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) factorial.Faktor utama adalah jenis tanah pada umur yang berbeda, sedangkan faktor kedua adalah dosis biochar masing-masing ; 0 g.kg-1, 10 g.kg-1, 20 g.kg-1, 30 g.kg-1, dan 40 g.kg-1. Hasil penelitian menunjukan pemberian dosis biochar berbahan dasar limbah tembakau mampu meningkatkan pH tanah. Peningkatan pH tanah tertinggi terdapat pada tanah yang belum ditanam kelapa sawit, sedangkan pH tanah terendah terdapat pada tanah yang telah 10 tahun ditanami setelah 28 hari masa inkubasi, Dosis biochar 5 g.kg-1 (setara 9 ton.ha-1) menunjukkan nilai pH tanah yang sama dengan dosis biochar 40 g.kg-1 (setara 72 ton.ha-1). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa dosis biochar 9 ton.ha-1 cukup efektif untuk meningkatkan pH pada tanah masam. Peningkatan pH tanah menunjukkan pengaruh positif terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman sawi, meningkatkan KTK tanah berarti meningkatkan ketersediaan unsur hara yang diperlukan tanaman. Selain itu, peningkatan pH tanah juga menurunkan ketersediaan Al sehingga mampu menjadi media pertumbuhan tanaman sawi yang optimum.
Keywords
References
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